Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the form of research results, literature studies, ideas, theoretical applications, and critical analysis studies in the field of science and technology developments covering the fields of engineering, applied science, and technology, including civil engineering, industrial engineering, environmental engineering, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, chemistry, agricultural technology, materials science and other fields of science relevant to science and technology research. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi has ISSN number for online version No. 2623-2294. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi is a journal published by Universitas Teknologi Sulawesi. It is published two times a year in February and August and can be accessed openly by researchers, lecturers, and students who wish to publish the results of their research in the fields of science and technology. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi submitted manuscripts are checked using a similarity software of Turnitin to prevent plagiarism. The decision to accept or reject the papers was made by Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi editorial board is based on a recommendation from the peer reviewers. The decision of the editorial board is final.
Effectiveness of Trichloroisocyanuric Acid (TCCA) as a Substitute for Sodium Hypochlorite in Improving the Efficiency of the Cooling System at PT Antam Tbk UBPN Southeast Sulawesi Power Plant
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penggunaan trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) sebagai bahan kimia alternatif pengganti sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) dalam mengendalikan pertumbuhan macrofouling pada sistem pendingin utama PLTU PT ANTAM Tbk UBPN Sulawesi Tenggara. Macrofouling, seperti pertumbuhan kerang dan biofilm, merupakan permasalahan umum pada sistem pendingin berbasis air laut yang dapat menurunkan efisiensi perpindahan panas serta meningkatkan risiko kerusakan peralatan. Pengujian dilakukan selama dua periode terpisah dengan masing-masing penggunaan NaOCl dan TCCA, di mana parameter yang diamati meliputi nilai free residual chlorine (FRC) dan konsumsi harian bahan kimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan TCCA menghasilkan nilai FRC yang lebih stabil dalam rentang optimal 0,3–0,5 ppm tanpa fluktuasi ekstrem, sementara NaOCl menunjukkan ketidakstabilan dengan nilai yang sering kali berada di luar batas optimal. Selain itu, TCCA memerlukan dosis lebih rendah dan frekuensi pengisian yang lebih jarang, yang menunjukkan efisiensi operasional yang lebih tinggi dan penurunan risiko paparan bahan kimia terhadap operator. Keunggulan TCCA juga mencakup stabilitas senyawa yang lebih baik, kemudahan dalam penanganan, dan keamanan penyimpanan. Berdasarkan temuan ini, TCCA direkomendasikan sebagai pengganti yang lebih efektif, efisien, dan aman untuk meningkatkan keandalan dan kinerja sistem pendingin PLTU.
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Identification of Strategic Minerals in Akedotilou Village, Paceda Hamlet, Oba Tengah District, North Maluku Province
Soil from Akedotilou Village, Paceda Hamlet, Oba Tengah District, North Maluku Province, was analyzed using the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) method. Analysis was conducted on major and trace elements, including rare earth metals (REEs), to evaluate the mineralogical potential and the presence of high-value commodities. The results showed significant contents of Fe (39.001%), Si (31.406%), and Al (11.323%), as well as the presence of very small amounts of REEs, such as Tb (0.502%), Gd (0.243%), and Eu (0.182%). However, several important elements such as Au and Ni, as well as other REEs, were not detected, possibly due to the lack of sample purification procedures, thus reducing the sensitivity and accuracy of the analysis. In addition, the copper content (0.060%) indicates the possible presence of gold, which is supported by local geological conditions and the proximity to active mining areas. High contents of Al, Si, K, and Ca also point to the potential presence of feldspar minerals such as orthoclase, microcline, and anorthite. This research emphasizes the importance of further exploration and the application of advanced mineralogical purification and identification techniques such as XRD, SEM, and TEM to validate the presence of strategic minerals.
Comparison of Pellet Press Methods Using Aluminum Cup and Ring Steel in Preparing Nickel Ore Test Samples Using ED-XRF
Preparation of nickel ore test samples using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) with the press pellet method, especially in nickel mining in Indonesia, generally uses aluminum cups as sample containers, which produces solid waste in the form of aluminum cups. The purpose of this study is to find other alternatives to replace aluminum cups, namely by using steel rings while still paying attention to the accuracy and precision of such use. The research was conducted by comparing the results of the accuracy and precision tests of the use of the two methods on the nickel and iron elements contained in the nickel ore sample using CRM Oreas 192. The results of 10 measurements using ED-XRF Epsilon4 obtained data for the accuracy level (TA) of nickel concentration using an aluminum cup of 98.69% while in Ring steel it was 98.99%. For TA the concentration of iron using an Aluminum cup was 97.25% while in Ring steel it was 97.87%. Then for the results of the nickel element precision test data obtained were Aluminum cup %RSD<0.5CV horwitz (0.1371<1.8389), Ring steel %RSD<0.5 CVhorwitz (0.2126<1.8381), While the results of the Iron element precision test were Aluminum cup %RSD<CVhorwitz (0.1286<1.3705), Ring steel %RSD<0.5CVhorwitz (0.1736<1.3691). Based on the test results, it is known that the use of aluminum cups and steel rings in the preparation of nickel ore sample analysis using ED-XRF does not have a significant difference, and it is necessary to carry out pressure testing on the press machine for maximum results.
Extraction of Polyphenols Cocoa Fruit Skin with The Soxhletation Method.
Cocoa fruit skin is waste from the processing of cocoa into processed products. Cocoa skin contains antioxidant polyphenol compounds. One way to take polyphenol compounds is extraction. The most commonly used conventional extraction methods are maceration and sokhletation. This research aims to determine the effect of the soxhletation method on polyphenol compounds from cocoa fruit skin extract and know the antioxidant activity of polyphenols produced from cocoa fruit skin extract. This study uses the extraction method, the soxhletation method. The polyphenol identification test on cocoa fruit skin is carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative test to determine the color changes in the predetermined reagent to identify the group of polyphenol compounds. Qualitative test results show positive cocoa skin contains polyphenols. From the quantitative test results show that the soxhletation extraction method produces a total phenol content of 5,069 mg Gae/g, antioxidant activity starts from 21.21% at a concentration of 20 μg/ml and increases up to 87.48% at a concentration of 80 μg/ml and levels a yield of 4.05%. The antioxidant activity of polyphenols produced from cocoa fruit peel extract shows that the higher the extortion concentration the higher the value of antioxidant activity
Identification of The Level of Application of Green Building Concept Indicators (Green Building), (Case Study : Green Building Assessment Nipa Makassar Mall Jln.Urip Sumoharjo No.23 C, Panaikang District, Makassar City)
This research aims to determine the indicators and determine the value of the indicators for implementing Green Building in the Nipah Mall Makassar building. This study was carried out using a Mixed research method, this method uses the Greenship for New Buildings assessment tool version 1.2. The qualitative method, on the other hand, uses non-numerical data, this method uses interviews with the managers of Nipah Mall Makassar. The research results show that the total gain from the results of the analysis of the Greenship Nipah Mall Makassar, of the 77 points available, Mall Nipah Makassar currently has 46 points, in other words as much as 59.74% of the indicator value for implementing Green Building at Nipah Mall Makassar. From this percentage, the Nipah Mall Makassar building received the "Gold" title
Analysis of PT Zoomlion Indonesia's Differentiation Strategy in Heavy Equipment Sales in the Construction Sector
This research is motivated by government policies that open the door in the era of market globalization and increasing interdependence between economic actors. This requires companies to redesign and modify competitive strategies. By applying the concept of product differentiation, the company seeks to introduce new features to the products being marketed. The aim is to create a clear differentiating element between the company's products and competitors' products, thereby increasing the product's attractiveness in the eyes of consumers and strengthening the company's position in the market. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, with data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The research results show that the product differentiation concept implemented by PT Zoomlion Indonesia Heavy Industry is quite effective with differentiating methods in opening markets in the heavy equipment industry in Indonesia. This is shown by the satisfaction of consumers or potential consumers in getting to know or interacting with the Zoomlion Brand compared to other brands
Development of a Delignification for Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches using Microwave Assitance for Lignin Removal Efficiency
Lignin content in TKKS needs to be removed by delignification. Microwave delignification process can improve the pre-treatment process increases cellulose content and accelerates delignification. Microwave can overcome the shortcomings of conventional heating, because it provides intensive, homogeneous and efficient energy, can reach high temperatures in a short time. The purpose was to determine results of delignification TKKS based on microwave watt parameters, delignification time and solid liquid ratio. It began with preparation of TKKS including washing and size reduction. Then delignification using microwave and NaOH solvent. The results of the delignification were analyzed using the NREL method, the components analyzed were ash content, lignin content using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and cellulose hemicellulose content using HPLC. The results obtained were the best lignin removal and cellulose content obtained in the R2 experiment with variations in conditions, namely 300 watts of microwave power, 30 minutes of delignification time, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 capable of degrading lignin by 57.58% and leaving a lignin content of 19.85% and a cellulose content of 68.83%. Best hemicellulose content was obtained in the R10 experiment of 9.86% with a microwave power of 100 watts, a time of 15 minutes and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:15. Best delignification time using a microwave was obtained at 35 minutes with a remaining lignin content of 19.51%. Best microwave power for delignification was obtained at 300 watts, ratio 1:20 w/v for 45 minutes, capable of degrading lignin by 53.51% so that the remaining lignin content was 21.75%.
Interval Sampling on Limonite Ore Layer (Study : CV Sulawesi Cahaya Mineral)
This study aims to analyze the interval sampling technique on the limonite ore layer to determine the quality and mineral composition contained within it. The interval sampling process is used to obtain a more accurate representation of the mineral content variations at different depths of the ore layer. The collected samples will be analyzed in the laboratory to measure the levels of Fe, Al, SiO2, and other relevant minerals. This technique is expected to provide more precise information about the potential of limonite ore, assisting in efficient exploitation and processing planning. The results of this research are anticipated to contribute to the development of more effective sampling methods for future iron ore mining operations. The findings will support the mining industry in optimizing exploration and extraction techniques, ensuring better resource management and economic sustainability.
The Influence of Occupational Safety, Occupational Health, and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PT. ANTAM, Tbk Nickel Mining Business Unit, North Maluku (Study : PT. ANTAM, Tbk)
This study aims to analyze the influence of occupational safety, occupational health, and work discipline on employee performance at PT ANTAM Tbk Nickel Mining Business Unit, North Maluku. The research method used is quantitative with a survey approach, where data was collected through questionnaires distributed to employees. The analysis technique employed is multiple linear regression to examine the effect of independent variables (occupational safety, occupational health, work discipline) on the dependent variable (employee performance). The results of the study show that occupational safety, occupational health, and work discipline have a significant positive effect on employee performance. Good occupational safety and health, along with high discipline, play an important role in increasing employee productivity in the mining sector. Therefore, the company is expected to continue improving efforts to ensure safety, health conditions, and work discipline to support the enhancement of employee performance.
The Role of Leaders in Building a Positive Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Culture in the Industry: A Case Study at PT Ataka Serui
This study discusses the critical role of leaders in building a positive Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) culture in industrial settings, with a case study at PT Ataka Serui. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews and observations to analyze how effective leadership can enhance the OHS culture within the company. The results show that proactive, communicative, and safety-committed leadership plays a significant role in creating a safe and healthy work environment. Leaders who set positive examples and encourage employee involvement in OHS programs can improve compliance with safety procedures, reduce the risk of accidents, and enhance employee well-being. This study highlights that strong leadership is crucial in optimizing OHS culture, which ultimately contributes to the overall performance of the company.
Waste Management Strategy in Marble Craft Production at CV Manunggal Marmer to Achieve Environmental Sustainability (Study : CV. Manunggal Marmer)
This study aims to identify waste management strategies in marble craft production at CV Manunggal Marmer to support environmental sustainability. The method used is a case study with data collection through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The main waste produced by the company includes marble chips, dust, and liquid waste from the production process. The results of the study show that effective waste management strategies include waste reduction at the source, recycling marble chips as raw materials, and treating liquid waste before disposal. Additionally, employee education and the use of environmentally friendly technologies are proposed to improve efficiency and reduce environmental impact. In conclusion, proper waste management not only enhances operational efficiency but also supports the environmental and economic sustainability of the company.
Improving The Quality of Crude Palm Oil Products Using Method Green QFD (Study : PT. Sucofindo Palu Service Unit)
Palm oil (CPO) products are one of the products with quite large prospects in Indonesia. Palm oil processing requires good quality qualitatively and quantitatively. Efforts to improve quality are an activity or company strategy to produce products that are in great demand by consumers. The research aims to improve the quality of palm oil using the Green QFD method, determine consumers' needs and desires for palm oil products, and develop a planning matrix to determine what actions the company will take to improve product quality. The method used is Quality Function Deployment (QFD). The results of this research are that based on the results of both open and closed questionnaires, the main points of consumer needs were obtained: abundant availability, affordable prices, clear color, odorless, high vapor point and not easily coagulating at high temperatures. This provides satisfaction to consumers for the development of palm oil products at PT. Sucofindo Palu Service Unit.
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Analysis of Laterite Nickel Ore Quality Control Using X-Ray Fluorescence Method
Nickel laterite is a material that comes from regolith (a layer that is the result of rock weathering that covers a base rock) which comes from ultrabasic rocks that contain the elements Ni, Mg, Fe and Co. Approximately 72% of world nickel reserves are laterite nickel and only 42% of these reserves have been produced. From this data, one of the largest nickel laterite suppliers is Indonesia. Laterite nickel ore mining has been widely operated in the Sulawesi area, especially at PT Tonia Mitra Sejahtera, Bombana Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. One of the problems experienced in the laterite nickel ore mining process at PT Tonia Mitra Sejahtera is that the ore content in the laterite nickel deposits varies which will greatly affect the quality of the ore produced. This practical work aims to determine activities in controlling the quality of laterite nickel ore in the mining process of PT Tonia Mitra Sejahtera, especially in the Daniati Pit (saprolite zone) so that the quality and grade of the ore produced will continue to be maintained. The data collection methods used for research on this practical work consist of three types, namely observation activities, interview activities and data collection from company documents, in the form of ore grade analysis results. Based on the results of analysis of mining samples and production samples, it shows that the average levels of Ni, Fe, Co, MgO, and SiO2 mining samples in the Daniati Pit (saprolite zone) are respectively 1.95%, 14.81%, 0, 04%, 18.03%, 35.12% and for production samples in the Daniati Pit (saprolite zone) respectively 1.91%, 14.98%, 0.04%, 17.66%, 34.47% . The changes in levels that occurred were 2.15%, 1.15%, 5.867%, 2.04%, 1.85%, respectively. Factors that influence changes in laterite nickel ore content include mining operations, the sampling process, ore treatment in the stockpile, and the sample preparation process.
Analysis of The Quality of Cocoa Fat Types on White Chocolate Products
Indonesia is a third-world cocoa producer and the largest in Asia, Indonesia still lags behind Malaysia in terms of the processing industry, either in the form of semi-finished cocoa products such as grease, paste, and cocoa powder or in the form of finished products such as milk chocolate (milk chocolate), dark chocolate (dark chocolate) and chocolate bars (chocolate bars). In cocoa beans there is fat (cocoa butter) between 50-70%, which is composed of 34% stearic acid (18:0); 34% oleic acid (18:1); 25 palmitic acid (16:0) and 2% linoleic acid (18:3). Meanwhile, the composition of polyphenols in dried cocoa beans is more than 15%, which is dominated by epicatechins and catechins. Therefore, cocoa fat and polyphenols make chocolate and cocoa functional foods. Lack of processing cocoa fat in the form of the product, given the raw materials are abundant in Indonesia and cocoa fat benefits for human health, this study will examine the types of fat cocoa fat and cocoa dideodorisasi not dideodorisasi with levels or the amount of fat that is used 22% fat cocoa (medium quality) and 30% fat cocoa (high quality) in the manufacture of white chocolate (white chocolate). The results of this study are fat cocoa used in chocolate is the fat white products that have high levels of quality and fat that have been dideodorisasi (a2b2) with acquisition scores/grades for 3:55 color, aroma and texture 3.77 3.91 with criteria like. While the sense of having the value of 4.32 with the criterion like to really like.
Manufacturing Liquid Organic Fertilizer From Rice Washing and Coffee Grounds
The aim of this research is to produce liquid organic fertilizer products that have quality equivalent to commercial POC by utilizing waste from used rice washing water by fermentation with the EM4 activator to increase the macro and micro nutrient content so that high quality liquid organic fertilizer is produced in accordance with organic fertilizer quality standards. RI Ministry of Agriculture (No: 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011). Based on the overall data, several parameters do not meet the requirements. The results of the macro nutrient content parameters for N (0.59%), P2O5 (16.26%), K2O (2.19%), and C-Organic were 0.11%.
Cost and Time of Girder Erection Work with The Launcher Method on The Project Train Bridge Construction Api CT 406 in Maros District
The construction project of the Ct 406 Railway Bridge in Maros Regency is a bridge that stretches 54 meters long using a PCI girder structure on the middle span of 30 meters, the installation method of which is often called girder erection. The method used in writing this final assignment, especially in girder erection work, is the launcher method, while in its implementation in the field it is planned to use the service crane method. The selection of this implementation method uses several considerations, such as the location of the project. The results obtained after going through the processing and calculation process using the launcher method on the girder erection work on the middle span of the construction of the Ct 406 Railway Bridge along 30 meters showed that the resulting costs were more expensive. In the service crane method, the cost was obtained of Rp. 1,779,437,050.00, while if using the launcher method, the cost was obtained of Rp. 2,193,471,841.00. In terms of time, the use of the service crane method is faster than the use of the launcher method. By using the crane service method, girder erection work can be carried out in 14 days, whereas if using the launcher method it can be carried out in 20.96 days.
Analysis of The Implementation of K3 in The Prevention and Mitigation of Wonosari Tea Garden Agrotourism Disaster Efforts
Wonosari Tea Garden is one of the popular agro-tourism sites in Malang, East Java. Effective implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is key to preventing and mitigating the impact of disasters on visitors and workers. This study aims to analyze the application of OHS in Wonosari Tea Garden Agrotourism in disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, and interviews. At the Wonosari tea garden, there are objects that support the safety of workers in the factory. Some of the tools found in the factory in the tea garden include fire extinguishers in the tea factory, safety warnings, gathering point pictures, first aid kits in the tea factory, and PPE clothing at the Wonosari Tea Factory. Suggestions to improve the effectiveness of OHS implementation in Wonosari Tea Plantation Agrotourism are increasing OHS education and training, periodic monitoring and evaluation, developing OHS infrastructure, integrating technology, comparative studies, collaboration with related agencies, documentation and publication. With the effective implementation of OHS, Wonosari Tea Garden Agrotourism can become a safe and comfortable tourist spot for visitors and workers, even in the face of potential natural disasters
The Effectiveness of Paclobutrazol Application Technology on the Growth and Production of Soybeans
Modern farmers often use plant growth regulators to effectively enhance crop yields. One commonly employed chemical compound is Paclobutrazol, which can expedite and synchronize the processes of flowering and fruiting in plants. The application of Paclobutrazol in crop cultivation aims to accelerate growth and shorten the harvest period. This research focuses on the effectiveness of Paclobutrazol application on the growth and production of soybeans. The experiment involved variations in Paclobutrazol concentration and application timing. It employed a two-factor factorial design, considering concentrations (0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm) and application timing (21, 28, and 35 DAP), with random group sampling (RGS). The results indicate that the interaction between a concentration of 200 ppm and application timing at 28 DAS yielded optimal outcomes. This includes the average number of productive branches (4.20 branches), flowering age (31.33 days), harvest age (71.67 days), total pod count (55.42 pods), filled pod count (53.83 pods), empty pod percentage (1.30%), dry seed weight (33.93 g), 100-seed weight (21.07 g), and seed production (3.24 t.h-1).
Environmental Sanitation Analysis of Environmental Health at PT. X on the WWTP Outlet Unit and Ash Disposal Area
This research aims to determine environmental sanitation management at PT. X in the Waste Water Treatment Plan (WWTP) Outlet unit and Ash Disposal area. This research explains the parameters measured in the WWTP Outlet unit and the Ash Disposal area. In the WWTP Outlet unit, the parameters that can be identified in the laboratory test results report refer to parameters that are in accordance with Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023 concerning Environmental Health. The parameters tested were pH and Fe. In the laboratory test results for the WWTP Outlet unit, it was found that the test parameters did not exceed the predetermined quality standards. In the Ash Disposal area, the parameters tested are SO2, CO, NO2, TSP, PM2.5, PM10, Lead. In the laboratory test results for the Ash Disposal unit, it was found that the test parameters did not exceed the established quality standards.
Analysis of Au, Ag, Pb, Zn Levels in Soil Samples Using The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Method
Minerals are inorganic solid materials that occur naturally, consisting of one or more chemical elements in certain proportions distributed in the earth's crust (Handoko et al., 2015). Mineral resources or mining materials have been provided by the earth's crust as part of rock minerals in certain quantities. Mining minerals are generally found in nature bound together with various metals and other elements (by-minerals) physically, even chemically. Metal ores are usually trapped in rocks and in metal ores there are also various kinds of minerals (Sari, 2016). The aim of this research is to find out how to analyze the content of Au, Ag, Pb and Zn in soil samples using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy method, and to find out the results of analyzing the content of Au, Ag, Pb and Zn in soil samples using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy method. The working method is to receive samples received by other departments (in this research received from the Exploration Department of PT Indo Muro Kencana) then sample preparation is carried out using a ring grinder, then weighing is carried out then the sample digestion process is analyzed using AAS. The research results are carried out by optimizing the atomic breakfast spectrophotometry equipment, The results of soil sample analysis were carried out using atomic breakfast spectrophotometry. Based on the conclusions, the method for analyzing Au, Ag, Pb and Zn metal content in soil samples begins with the process of crushing the soil sample with a crusher until the sample particles are 2 mm in size, and grinding them using a ring grinder until they are 200 mesh (75 μm). Then proceed with wet digestion using aquaregia for Au metal, and three acids (HCl, HNO3, and HClO4) for Ag, Pb, and Zn metals (base metal). Then it was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, and the results of the analysis of Au, Ag, Pb and Zn metals in the soil samples showed that the Exploration Department's soil samples contained these four metals.
Analysis Of The Effect of Moisture And Loss on Ignition (LOI) on Measurement of Iron Ore Laterite Samples with Fusion Bead XRF S8 Tiger
Laboratory of PT. A book of Iron Lateritic Ores measures nickel (Ni) samples in ore (iron ore) according to the Certificate Reference Material (CRM) issued by OREAS. This determination is very important because it involves the exploration and mapping of the mining area. The difference in weight before and after igniting is calculated as the level of lost substances after igniting (Loss On Ignition). X-ray spectrophotometers are commonly used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of large numbers of samples, involving the elements contained in the TGA sample is a useful technique for evaluating the effectiveness of drying samples of polymer heated samples. Evaporation of the residual solvent is usually associated with the initial weight loss process in TGA heating. X-ray spectrophotometric preparation is to determine the Loss On Ignition (LOI) value of Oreas certified samples 280, 482 and 543. Samples that have been LOI weighed 0.5 grams (± 0.0005) and added 8 grams of flux (± 0.0010) then melted at 1100°C. The melted and cooled samples were measured with WDXRF S8 Tiger to determine iron ore content and nickel content. Based on the results of the research analysis of the effect of Moisture and loss on ignition (LOI) on the measurement of iron ore laterite samples using the fuse bead XRF s8 tiger method, it was found that the effect of Moisture and LOI on the measurement of iron content was significantly different from the results without using or taking into account the levels of iron content. Moisture and LOI against the test benchmark, namely the international certificate for the measurement of the CRM oreas sample, the Moisture and loss on ignition method, and the operation dry (pulp dry) method were not significantly different.
Making Dish Soap From Natural Ingredients Starfruit Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi) And Testing Soap Quality In Accordance With SNI 06-0475-1996
Making Dish Soap From Natural Ingredients Starfruit Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi) And Soap Quality Testing According to SNI 06-0475-1996 has been carried out. This research was conducted because of the large number of star fruit found in Indonesia which according to researchers is still underutilized, while the content of star fruit that makes this fruit can be reprocessed into products that can be utilized by the community. The purpose of this research is to make dish soap products that are effective for use by the public and most importantly dish soap products from natural ingredients of starfruit are safe to use according to standards according to SNI 06-0475-1996. This research was started from the process of making dish soap by extracting star fruit which was used as a natural raw material for making soap which was then mixed with soap-making ingredients such as Texapon, SLS, Na2SO4, Camperlan, and others. The results of making soap with natural ingredients for star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi) can be said to be effective because of the results of the analysis that are in accordance with the quality standard requirements of SNI 06-0475-1996, namely seeing from the yellow color that corresponds to the dye given, namely yellow dye, the shape of the soap. Wash the dishes with starfruit, which is liquid and thick, and the smell of starfruit dish soap is appropriate, namely the smell of lemon essence which is used as a deodorizer for starfruit dish soap. The results of quantitative analysis such as the pH of the soap obtained are pH 7.2. For the analysis, the specific gravity obtained was 1.03 g/mL and the total microbes obtained from the analysis of the total plate number (ALT) was 0 colonies/gr. The results of the FT-IR analysis identification test confirm that the star fruit is effectively used as dish soap with the functional groups obtained, namely the OH group, CH group, and C=O group which function as fat binders, antioxidants, disinfectants, kill germs and bacteria.
The Influence of Side Barriers on The Performance of Highways (Case Study : Urip Sumoharjo Street, Makassar City)
The Urip Sumoharjo road section is a trade and office center where on the Urip Sumoharjo road section there is an increase in the movement of traffic flows in the socio-economic activities of the community, causing transportation problems. This research was conducted on the Urip Sumoharjo Road Section for 2 days which aims to determine the capacity and performance of the existing roads on that road section, with the method used the Greenshields and Greenberg models. To look for Greenshields modeling, Greenberg is obtained by determining the mathematical relationship between parameters Volume-Velocity-Density and the highest coefficient of determination (R2). From the modeling results, it was obtained that the Greenshiled model with the highest coefficient R2 was Monday with R2 = 0.965 with the mathematical relationship equation Vs = 33.03 – ( 33.03/ 73.15 ) x D and Capacity (c) = 600.33 pcu/hour. Calculation of road capacity results (C) = 6732 pcu/hour and LOS C value (DS = 0.45 – 0.74) on Sunday while LOS E value (DS = 0.85 -1.00) on Sunday. traffic volume approaches or is at unstable capacity, speeds sometimes stop.
Financial Feasibility Analysis of Housing Development (Case Study : Padaelo Regency Housing in Maros Regency)
There are 4 (four) methods used in reviewing this financial feasibility study, namely the NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio), and PP (Payback Period) methods. In the calculation of financial feasibility in Padaelo Regency housing, which is 100% own capital. With an interest rate of 9%. The result of the NPV calculation is IDR 19,530,155,722. Thus the project is feasible because the NPV (Net Present Value) is of positive value. In terms of the interest rate limit offered by the IRR method is 21.31%, thus this project is feasible, because the interest rate offered is more than a discount factor, while in terms of the comparison of the value offered with the BCR method is 1.73, thus this project is feasible because the IRR > 1. Judging from the results of the calculation of the payback period required by the developer to obtain profits with a payback period of 10 years is acceptable because the mass of the return time is 4 years and 9 months.
Capacity and Performance Analysis of Roads Using The Linear Greenshield Method and The Logaritmic Greenberg Method (Case Study: Urip Sumoharjo Street, Makassar City)
The Urip Sumoharjo road section is a trade and office center where on the Urip Sumoharjo road section there is an increase in the movement of traffic flows in the socio-economic activities of the community, causing transportation problems. This research was conducted on the Urip Sumoharjo Road Section for 2 days which aims to determine the capacity and performance of the existing roads on that road section, with the method used is the Greenshields and Greenberg models. To look for Greenshields modeling, and Greenberg is obtained by determining the mathematical relationship between parameters Volume-Velocity-Density and the highest coefficient of determination (R2). From the modeling results, it was obtained that the Greenshiled model with the highest coefficient R2 was Monday with R2 = 0.965 with the mathematical relationship equation Vs = 33.03 – ( 33.03/ 73.15 ) x D and Capacity (c) = 600.33 pcu/hour. Calculation of road capacity results (C) = 6732 pcu/hour and LOS C value (DS = 0.45 – 0.74) on Sunday while LOS E value (DS = 0.85 -1.00) on Sunday
Analysis of Factors of Work Motivation Influence on the Foreman's Performance in Building Projects (Case Study : Pangkep District Land Office)
Work motivation of workers to carry out a project is an important aspect that plays a big role in the success of the project being worked on and true motivation can be built on individuals, one of which is by fulfilling their desires. In the realm of work, low motivation can have implications for the performance of workers. This research aims to determine the level of need that influences the motivation of the construction foreman and to analyze the motivational factors that affect the motivation of the construction foreman. The method used in this study was to submit a questionnaire to 15 foremen who were used as respondents for the construction project research in Pangkep, followed by carrying out interview sessions with three or four foremen. Referring to the research results, it was found that 5 factors motivated the motivation of construction project foremen in Pangkep Regency in general, namely: Of the 23 factors, it is known that there are 5 factors that are most commonly encountered and have a large influence, namely: (1) adequate wages/salaries, ( 2) good workplace facilities, (3) accuracy of receiving wages, (4) good relations between workers, (5) delivery of good work instructions.
The Design of a Microcontroller-Based Fire Detector on Android
Microcontroller is a Mini-Computer that consists of inputs, outputs, and also IC (Integrated Circuit) which can be programmed using C++ language. In this research, work consists of the Design of Microcontroller-based fire Detection Devices on Android. This research discusses monitoring the presence in the room by using a device consisting of a microcontroller that is capable of programming that originally could only be programmed with a computer now it can be done through a smartphone in accordance with the times. From the results of the research conducted, the results of the compilation of fire sensors (detection sensors as soon as possible) evaluate the presence of Fire from building space, then automatically notified in the form of SMS (Short Message Service) to the number of the Smartphone owner.
Analysis of Coal Feeder Operation of Generator Performance at PT. PLN (Persero) PLTU Punagaya 2×100 MW
One of the problems faced by PLTU Punagaya 2x100 MW as a supplier of electrical energy is the decline in the performance of the generating unit caused by the Coal Feeder equipment experiencing problems. From these problems, an analysis is needed to find out how influential the Coal Feeder equipment is on the performance of the generator. The research was conducted by observing the work of the Coal Feeder on the load, and processing power plant operation data based on the DKP-IKP 2007:1 formula regarding the Fixed Procedures for the Declaration of Generator Conditions and the Power Plant Performance Index of PT. PLN (Persero). From the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the operation of the Coal Feeder plays an important role in the reliability and efficiency of the electric energy generation process of the Punagaya PLTU 2x100 MW, so if the Coal Feeder is disturbed it will affect the performance of the plant such as low Equivalent Availability Factor (EAF) and Equivalent Forced Outage Rate (EFOR) is high. Based on the conclusion from the results of the analysis of the operation of the Coal Feeder on the performance of the generator at PLTU Punagaya 2 x 100 MW, we suggest that PLTU Punagaya carry out regular and maximum maintenance of the Coal Feeder. We also advise the PLTU Punagaya to ensure that the coal that enters the Coal Feeder is dry coal. So as to minimize the occurrence of plugging in the Coal Feeder due to wet coal.
Clean Energy Innovation from Molasses as Sustainable and Energy Resource Based on Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Technology
Microbial Fuel Cell. MFC is an environmentally friendly technology that converts organic materials into electrical energy with the help of microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to utilize molasses from sugar industry waste as an alternative energy source that is economically valuable, and environmentally friendly, and to design an MFC system. This study used a double-compartment method, namely the anode and cathode chambers. The anode chamber contains a mixture of molasses substrate, potassium phosphate buffer solution pH 7, and bacteria. While the cathode chamber contains a 0.2 M KMnO4 electrolyte solution. Energy measurements were carried out every 4 hours for 36 hours. The results of the energy measurements obtained the maximum current and potential difference values ​​of 828 mV and 791 µA. The power density value was obtained from the current strength and potential difference values ​​of 897.185 mW/m2. These results indicate that molasses waste has the potential to be used as an alternative energy source using a double-compartment MFC design with the advantages of being economically valuable and environmentally friendly.
The Effect of Heating With Electric Lamp Irrigation on The Temperature Stabilization of Virgin Coconut Oil (Vco) Production By Fermentation
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a product that has dual-function properties, namely as a high-quality cooking oil and as a potential medicine, so VCO has a positive role for human health. Based on its fatty acid content, coconut oil is classified as lauric acid oil because its lauric acid content is the largest (44% -52%) compared to other fatty acids. In previous studies, coconut dregs became the influence of temperature and time of VCO production at a temperature of 28 -350C. The purpose of this study was to identify the effective incandescent lamp power to provide optimum temperature stabilization in the VCO production process and the effect of irradiation of the lamp balloon on the volume and quality of the VCO production process by the fermentation method. Coconut milk that had previously been left in a transparent gallon was irradiated with electric lights with varying power (200, 300, 400, and 600 watts), then the resulting VCO was continued to the vacuum filtration machine and continued to physical measurement and analysis, chemical analysis and organoleptic tests. The results of the study showed that the best conditions for VCO were obtained with 400 watts of lamp power at a temperature of 35oC with 49.32% lauric acid, while in the rainy season, the best lamp power was 300 watts in closed conditions at a temperature of 45oC with 48.62% lauric acid.